Easy2Siksha.com
   2022
/  

[   (1469-1799 .)]
 : 3   :100
:     ,           
           
-
1. 16             
2.                
   
-
3.           ?       

4.  
       
-
Easy2Siksha.com
5.               
    
6.   
         
-
7.  1716  1747              

8.             
  
Easy2Siksha.com
   2022
/  

[   (1469-1799 .)]
 : 3   :100
:     ,           
           
-
1. 16             
:16          
  16       ,     ,  
               
    ,  ,            
          ,       , 
      
   , 16             
     , 1526             
    ,            
             
 
1.   
Easy2Siksha.com
            , , ,
,                
                  
     ,      
            ,  ,  
      ,  ,         

2.     
             , ,    
                 
                
         ""        
           
       (   )    ,   
              
  
3.   
                 
      ,         
                  
              
         
,              
 ,           ,    
  
4.    
          , -,  
                
,             
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            , ,  
      
 
      ,             
  
1. 

               -,  
             
  -       ,    
                 
  
,        ,     
    -           
2. 
16               , 
                 
             

         -    ,  
            ,   (   
 )       ,           
                 
                 
3.    
              
,   1469    16   ,    
         
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     : •      
  
     : •      ,   
 
             
                 
          
4.    
      -    ,    
          , ,   
       ,         
   
                 -
     ,            
  

, 16               ,
,          ,
               
          ,      
       -       , 
,          , 16      
              
Easy2Siksha.com
2.                
   
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼             
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
,  "  "   ,          
    ,  ,          
             
      ,        
      ,      , 
 ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    :          ,    
               
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
 ,             
          
1. -- (  )
      
            ,    
 (1526) 
 ,         
2. -- (' )
   ,         
   ,           

         
3. -- ()
            
  
       
4.       
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 --   --       
   
           ,   
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            ,  
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
          ,     
         ,  ,  
    
1.  (   )
          
   - ,   15-16       
    
       
2.    
  (1551-1636)    
          
            
3.   ()
18      
         
           
4.    
   (  )        -, 
    
      ,        
     -,      
5.    
     ,      
    
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        (  )      
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             
 ,         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

 
 

 ,  
 , 
 , , 
,  , 

Tuzuk-
-Baburi--

   

 ,  
  ,  

   ,    
-,    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
              
      ,         
                   
   , ,      
-
3.           ?       

:󷊻󷊼󷊽:      ?
             , 
,    ,            
    -            
    ,   ,       
, ,        
      :
 (       )
 (            
   )
Easy2Siksha.com
       ,        
    
󷊷󷊸󷊺󷊹 :        
󹵙󹵚󹵛󹵜   ?
''              ,  
            ,   
                 
        
󹵙󹵚󹵛󹵜     ?
   :
    
         
        
   ,      
,          ,     22  
 ,             
󹵙󹵚󹵛󹵜    ?
               
      :
      
          
 ( )   
 ( )   
    
    
        ,        
         ,       
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
    :
Easy2Siksha.com
        -      
       
         
         
       ,     

 ,          
󷊻󷊼󷊽 :      
󹵙󹵚󹵛󹵜   ?
          -    
       ,       
     ,  :
  
  
      
     
                 
 
󹵙󹵚󹵛󹵜  
          :
      (  -   1/10 )
     
     
  
         
      -         
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 :     ?
            :
Easy2Siksha.com
       
  ( )         
         
        
                
              

󷉖󷉗󷉔󷉘󷉕     
  ,       ,      
    :



        ,       
        
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶   ' 
        :
        
     
          
            
              
󷊭󷊮󷊯󷊱󷊰󷊲󷊳󷊴󷊵󷊶    
              
  
  ,       
    
Easy2Siksha.com
            
     
,        
 
           
  
   ,        ,     
       
󷊨󷊩
        ;     ,
              
 ,       ,       
            ,   
               
    ,         
    
4.  
      
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
 1675      ,          
                
                 , 
       ,       
 
Easy2Siksha.com
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    :            
         ,         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
      17      
              
    ,    ,       
 -       ,      
  
              
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       ,      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
   ,    -    
             
  ,         ,      
               

       ,     
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
 
   ,  ,       
    "       "
       ,         
     -            
  
  : "    ,     ,     "
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    ;       -   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
             
  -   ,           

     ,         
Easy2Siksha.com
           :
o         
o         
o        
 ,    24  1675        
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         ,        
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
1.    
        
     ,            

        
2.    
             
            
      ,       
3.    
   ,        
            
4.    
        :       
 
  ,  ,   1699       
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                 
                 
 : "   ,       "   
          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔               
         
Easy2Siksha.com
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
  "--" (  )    
               
   
             
              
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐 



 

 ,    ,
   
    

  

     
 
    
  
  
     
 
    

    
   , 
   
󷇮󷇭 
           
             ,
               
                 
-
5.               
    
:      
     ,       
                
   ,          , 
                  
Easy2Siksha.com
               
              , ,  
         
          ;      -
         ,        
                  
  
 , 1699
   13  1699           
               
    
                   
                ,
                   
            ,   
        :
1.    (    )
2.    (    )
3.    (    )
4.    (    )
5.    (    )
      ( )          
 -           ,        
            
  
                 
    ()     ()        
  ()  -    (  )    
               ,   
""               
       -          
Easy2Siksha.com
                ; 
   
      
     ?
     ,          
  ,    :
1.   ,         
2.   ,        
3.   ,  ,       
4.   ,           
 
5.    -     
 ,        (   )     
(     )          
 
          
           :
    
  
    
 
    

     
 ,        -  ,     
     
     
       ,      
1.       
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  ,         ,      
     ,         
         
2.        
              ,    
                 
,          
3.      
               
-             
4.    
        ;            
, , ,             ,
         
5.      
               , 
               

 1699               
         ,  , ,   
                 
   -      ,        
   ,     ,         
   
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6.   
         
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
                
     ,             
          -    , 
          ,       
               
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    :             
,            
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
1.   
     1670            

   
   ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 -               , 
          
2.  
15        ( )  
            
 ( 
)             
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔               , 
           
3.     
1708         
               
 
            :   
    ,           
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󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  ,           ,    
        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
 
1.   
            :
o              

o        
                
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔          
2.  
     ,          
    
      (1709)  ,         
       
                  
      
3.   
  ,            
  (1709)     :
o          ,       
    
o            
           
o        
o               
   
o        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,           
 
4.    
         
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          
         ,      

             
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
5.   
1715 ,              
      ,        
            1716     
           

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1.   :         
     
2.     :         
       
3.     :     ,   
                
 
4.   :              

󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐 
  


, 
  
 
  

   
 
    

 

    

󷇮󷇭 
           ,     
               
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         ,     
     ,         
-
7.  1716  1747              

:         (1716-1747 )
             ,    1716   
            ,    
      1699       ,  
                
   ,             
,     ,        , 
1716                  
  
                  
           
     (1716  )
                 ,
 --              
                 
               ,
              
       :  
             ,    
   ,              
                 
   :    ,   ,   
          
Easy2Siksha.com
 ,               -  ,
      
     
        1726  1745      
                ,
                
    
,       
      ,        
          ,       
,           
                
            :
   
    
     ,       
      :       ,    
           ,       
          
    ?
   ,              
:
1.      
            , 
                ,
        
2.    
                
            
Easy2Siksha.com
3.  
           ,  
                
4.    
            
        
 :    
1745                 
              
   ,             
 
      ,            
  (1739)       ()      
               : 
      
  (1745-1747):      
1745  1747   ,           
      ,         
                -
      
            ,    ( ) 
 ,   ,       ,     
  
 ,          -      
  

 1716  1747               
      , , ,          
        ,     ,    ,
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              , 
         
            18       
                , 
                

8.             
  
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
              
      , ,        
        ,        
         ,         
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    : -      ,    
       
,          

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼:    
1700     ,  ,  (     
  )           
            
        ,  -   
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1.  
 :           -   
 
:      (25% )   (10% )   
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  :         
      
 :              
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,        
 
2.  
         
:        ,     

  :           

 :      ,    
    
   :        
,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔              
3.  
          
  :           
 :  -     ,  
      
 : -       ,    
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           

4.   
   -         ,  
      
:   ,        
   
 : -       ,     
 
:             
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󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔                
  
5.  
            
:          
  :       -     

 :         ,  
            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            ,
  ( )     
6.     
             
:      
 :         
: ,       
 :          ,    
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔                 
 
7.      
            :
o     (1765):      ,  
 
o   (1793): -        
    
o  :       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        ,      

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
             
       
Easy2Siksha.com
:   ( ),   (),   
()
: ,         , 
     
          -     

󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐 




 

, 
  
 

  


 ,



 
 

 , 


 


 


 
 

 


 
󷇮󷇭 
             
                 
         ,    , 
      
             
       ,       